What are these things, el nino, la nina? Theay are swings in the East West transfer of air in the atmosphere. Identified about a hundred years ago as the Walker cycles, thay are also part of the Trade Winds, used for centuries by sailing ships to cross oceans. In el Nino years the trade winds weaken, less wet air moves, for example near the equator from East to West, and in la Nina years the opposite happens. The world climate changes. These swings are clearly a natural oscillation but do not form exact periods, they are complex to predict and their severity also, basically, cannot be inferred from the previous opposite. So, after a strong el nino in 2023 2024 we do not know yet what to expect. In La nina, the trade winds are stronger, more water is carried Eastwards at the equator to wards South America, stronger hurricanes form in the Atlantic. Europe tends to colder and wetter in winter. But we have to wait to find out!
The basic message of global warming is not changed although in general, the extreme effects of el nino and la nina are expected, by climate scientists, to get worse.